Daytime drone photo of a large commercial low-slope roof, looking straight down: light gray roof surface with rooftop HVAC units, vents and tree shadows, framed by a brown shingled mansard edge Infrared drone scan of the same roof after sunset: most of the surface reads cool dark purple, while rooftop units, drains and several irregular patches glow warmer, marking suspect moisture areas
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Thermal

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What It Is

Trapped roof moisture can be saturated for years underneath an intact looking membrane, quietly losing thermal performance and degrading the deck and structure below, before it ever produces a visible leak inside the building. A roof surface absorbs solar heat during the day and radiates it back out at night, with wet insulation retaining more heat than dry insulation. As the roof cools after sunset, areas with trapped moisture stay measurably warmer than the surrounding dry areas, a thermal signature our FAA Part 107 licensed drone or walking infrared survey captures under ASTM C1153. Every survey is flown or walked, and interpreted, by our Infraspection Institute Certified Level III Thermographer, who is also a CCPIA Certified Commercial Property Inspector.

Roof moisture surveys are one of several commercial infrared inspections we perform, from electrical scans to building envelope and hidden leak detection.

What Trapped Moisture Costs You

A wet roof rarely announces itself. Here's what it's doing while it waits.

  • Insulation Stops Insulating

    Wet insulation loses much of its R-value, so heating and cooling costs quietly creep up.

  • The Membrane Blisters

    Trapped moisture turns to vapor on hot days, lifting blisters that crack and let in more water. Modified bitumen and older built-up roofs are especially prone.

  • The Deck Starts to Go

    Steel decks rust, wood rots and concrete soaks up water, and the repair scope grows with every season.

  • Mold Moves In

    Persistent moisture above the ceiling feeds mold, a problem for air quality, tenants and liability. See our air quality and mold testing.

Square section cut out of a white roof membrane and rolled back, exposing rotted wood roof decking with a hole broken through the middle

A Section Repair, or a Full Tear-Off

Found early, wet areas are cut out and replaced in sections. Left alone, moisture keeps spreading until the only fix left is a new roof.

Why We Pair It With Impedance Testing

Infrared thermography is fast and covers a lot of roof area efficiently but it's not a magic crystal ball. Rooftop equipment can retain or reflect heat in ways that mimic a moisture signature, and parapet walls can shadow adjacent areas and mask a real one. Weather conditions can change details of the image. Because IR only measures a surface effect, it identifies suspect zones that still need to be verified. That's why every standard thermal roof scan Primo performs is paired with electrical impedance testing (ASTM D7954), a contact based method that walks the roof surface directly, confirming and precisely mapping the boundaries of any trapped moisture the infrared survey flags.

Primo inspector pressing an impedance moisture meter against a low-slope roof surface near a parapet corner to check a suspect area flagged by the infrared scan

How Our Infrared Roof Surveys Work

Drone first, verified on foot. Here's what happens between scheduling your survey and a report landing on your desk.

Overhead drone thermal image of a commercial low-slope roof after sunset. The roof reads as cool dark purple with rooftop equipment and several brighter irregular patches flagged for moisture verification, next to a warm, bright parking lot with cars.
A full-roof aerial thermal map. Bright spots include rooftop equipment and walls as well as suspect zones, which is why every one gets verified.
  1. We Plan Around the Weather

    IR surveys need the right conditions: a dry roof, a clear, sunny day and calm winds. We confirm roof access and secure any FAA authorization the flight needs.

  2. The Sun Does the Setup

    Daytime sun heats the roof. Wet insulation soaks up far more of that heat than dry insulation does.

  3. Aerial Thermal Survey After Sunset

    As the roof cools, wet areas stay warmer than the dry roof around them. Our FAA Part 107 licensed drone flight captures the whole roof, or we walk it with a handheld camera when flying isn't practical.

  4. Verified on the Roof

    Often while the drone is still up, or soon after, we walk to each suspect area with a handheld thermal camera and an impedance meter (ASTM D7954) to confirm moisture and trace its edges. False positives get ruled out here.

  5. Marked, Mapped and Reported

    Confirmed wet areas are outlined on the roof, documented and mapped, so your roofer can go straight to the problem.

What You Get

A thermal inspection report built to be acted on, whether it's going to your roofer, a warranty rep or a lender.

For Every Wet Area

  • Thermal image paired with a matching visible-light photo
  • Wet area boundaries verified with impedance testing (ASTM D7954)
  • Wet areas marked on the roof itself for your roofer
  • Likely source where visible, such as a seam, flashing, penetration or drain
  • Recommended next step and priority

In the Full Report

  • Summary of overall roof condition up front
  • Full-roof aerial thermal and visible-light or satellite maps with areas of concern marked
  • Survey conditions and methods documented per ASTM C1153
  • Roof construction notes: membrane type, drainage, penetrations and rooftop equipment
  • Cross-referenced with your commercial inspection or PCA where applicable
  • Repair bids
  • Warranty claims
  • Insurance
  • Due diligence
  • Capital planning

When Should You Scan Your Roof?

Most owners call after the leak. The better time is before one.

  • Before the Warranty Runs Out

    While the installer or manufacturer is still on the hook, wet areas we find are their repair to make, not yours.

  • Buying, Selling or Leasing

    Hidden moisture should be priced into the deal, not discovered after closing. Pairs well with our commercial inspection or PCA.

  • Before a Recoat or Recover

    Planning a cool-roof coating or a recover? Find out first. Coating over wet insulation just seals the problem in.

  • After the Rainy Season

    Once the roof dries out in spring, a scan shows where a wet winter or a big atmospheric river found its way in.

  • As Routine Maintenance

    A scheduled annual scan catches small breaches while they're still cheap patches, and builds a record of the roof over time.

  • At the First Sign of a Leak

    By the time a ceiling stain appears water has usually traveled. A survey shows how far it spread, not just where it dripped.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers about infrared roof surveys in the Bay Area.

Insulated low-slope roofs are the best candidates. Around the Bay Area that mostly means modified bitumen and TPO, with some PVC and a shrinking number of older built-up roofs.

California's Title 24 energy code pushes new and replacement roofs toward reflective cool-roof materials, which absorb less daytime heat. We plan our survey timing and approach around the specific materials used, whatever they may be.

Anything from a few thousand square feet to several hundred thousand. Large roofs are where the drone really pays off, capturing the whole surface in an overhead view instead of hours of walking.

Because the best thermal window only lasts a certain time after sunset very large roofs or multi-building sites may be spread across more than one evening.

We survey in the evening, once the roof starts to cool after an acceptable amount of solar loading (heat) throughout the day. The surface has to be dry, so we avoid the days right after rain.

Late spring through fall is the most reliable window, although even winter surveys can work between storms. Coastal fog and a heavy marine layer can cut solar loading or leave dew on the roof, so we watch the forecast closely.

No. The thermal scan is completely non-destructive, and impedance testing simply passes a meter over the surface. Nothing is cut or opened, and the only thing we leave behind is the marking around confirmed wet areas. Because we work in the evening, there's little to no disruption to tenants or operations.

It's generally our first choice. A drone flight captures the whole roof in an easy to see overhead view and keeps us off fragile areas. When flying isn't practical because of airspace restrictions, obstructions or site rules, we survey on foot with a handheld thermal camera. In either case suspect areas are verified on the ground with impedance testing.

A visual inspection looks at the membrane, flashing, drains and details you can see. Infrared looks for moisture that has already gotten in, often under a membrane that looks perfectly fine. The two work best together to reveal the bigger picture of what is happening, which is why the scan pairs well with a commercial inspection or PCA.

Yes. Findings are documented with thermal and visible-light images, impedance verification and survey conditions per ASTM C1153, which gives manufacturers, adjusters and contractors something concrete to work from. Whether a specific claim is covered depends on the warranty or policy terms.

It depends on roof size, the number of roof sections, access, airspace and whether the survey is paired with other work. Either way, it typically costs a small fraction of a tear-off. Request a proposal with the property address and we'll put together a quote.

Catch It While It's Still a Repair, Not a Replacement

Trapped moisture is cheap to fix early and expensive to ignore. We'll find it before it forces a full tear-off.

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